Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Liver Diseases

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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Liver Diseases

1Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA 2Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA 3Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA 4Malari Program, Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, US...

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Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Liver Diseases

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family that can recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), playing an important role in antiviral immunity. Recent studies have shown that TLR3 is also expressed on parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells in the liver as well as on several types of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the role of TLR3 in liver injury, inflammation, regeneration,...

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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Liver Fibrosis

Liver fibrosis occurs as a wound-healing scar response following acute and chronic liver inflammation including alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis B and C, and autoimmune hepatitis. Myofibroblasts, mainly transdifferentiated from hepatic stellate cells, are pivotal cell types that produce fibrillar collagen. The activation of inflammatory cells, including Kupffer ...

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Toll-like receptor downstream signaling

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) senses conserved structures found in a broad range of pathogens, causing innate immune responses that include the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and interferons. The signal transduction is initiated from the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of TLRs after pathogen recognition. Almost all TLRs use a TIR-containing adapter MyD88 to...

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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal through the recruitment of specific adaptor molecules, leading to activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and IRFs, which dictate the outcome of innate immune responses. During the past decade, the precise mechanisms und...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Gastroenterology Research and Practice

سال: 2010

ISSN: 1687-6121,1687-630X

DOI: 10.1155/2010/971270